Nuclear Power A Political Tool Or Cheap Energy Source € ¦© - Ravinder Singh, Inventor
I asked Lord Swaraj Paul € ¦’³Sir you have missed an important issue of Nuclear Power€ ¦’´ at a reception in his honor in Delhi€ ¦’¶ India need big Nuclear Program.
I was disappointed to hear from him that Nuclear reactors are not suitable for India for India has terrorism problem, terrorists could blast nuclear reactors and for their high cost. Modern reactors have thick containment shield are in fact absolutely secure. UK though a pioneer ranks ninth in Nuclear Generation, 22Nd in per reactor generation and 24Th rank in terms of capacity utilization factor.
But Nuclear Power is cheapest and countries not just France or Germany or USA but also UK, Switzerland, South Korea, Sweden, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary, Canada, Lithuania, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine and more already produce Nuclear Power in significant amount.
In fact 30 countries are already operating Nuclear Power reactors and more than 130 member countries of IAEA are developing nuclear program in various stages.
With the rising oil prices likely to hit $100/ barrel within months will give Nuclear Power a big thrust. At one seminar I advocated scaling up of Nuclear Program to 60,000 MW by 2030.
Bhakra Dam foothills are ideally suited for 10,000 MW capacity and can supply 35,000 cusecs of cold cooling water for 50 to 100 years. Bhakra Dam region also has over 30,000 MW hydropower already developed or under development to support peaking demand therefore Nuclear Plants can operate as base load units at full load.
North India is particularly suited for its distance from coalmines and seacoast therefore involve high cost in importing coal. At least 30,000 MW of Nuclear Power may come up in North India.
Carbon Dioxide and NO2 emissions by coal fired units in North India cause much greater harm in land locked North India than most seacoast states in Western, Southern and Eastern Regions.
India€ ¦’²s Nuclear Power Program was hampered by political interventions and even sabotage.
http://en.wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia
Before Pokhran in 1974 India already had three reactors of 2X160 MWe and one 100 MWe operational. At time Japan had 439 MWe unit size reactors operational. But after a month of Pokhran Japan commissioned its first 760 MWe reactor by TEPCO in July1974 and KEPCO installed 780 MWe reactor in November1974. Next big leap in unit size was 1056 MWe commissioned by JAPC at Tokai in November 1978. It was soon followed by 1120 MWe in March,1979 of KEPCO.
There was big set back to Indian program, next 200 MWe reactor after Pokhran was commissioned in April, 1981. By then Japan had graduated to 1120 MWe but these units produced around 6.1 GWh/GWe than Indian reactors of 4 GWh/GWe therefore Japanese reactors of 1120 MWe eproduced 9 times more power than 200MWe Indian reactors.
When India was looking for spare parts to commission RAPS 2 of 200 MWe rating, Japan was feverishly building nuclear plants of large size. India introduced its first 210 MW coal based project Japan had already 1056 MWe / 1120 MWe reactors that produced almost 10 times more electricity per unit compared to India thermal units. One such unit produces twice more power than five units at Badarpur Thermal Power Station in Delhi that emits 7.2 million tones of CO2 every year.
Since commission a 760 MWe TEPCO reactor installed in 1974 produced more electricity than all India Nuclear Power Program.
JAPAN REACTORS BUILT BETWEEN MAY1974 & APRIL 1981
Name
Type
Rating,
MWe
Operational
Status
Operator
Fukushima I-2
BWR
760
July, 1974
TEPCO
Takahama-1
PWR
780
Nov. 1974
KEPCO
Genkai-1
PWR
529
Oct. 1975
Kyushu E.
Takahama-2
PWR
780
Nov.1975
KEPCO
Hamaoka-1
BWR
515
March, 1976
Chubu E.
Fukushima I-3
BWR
760
March, 1976
TEPCO
Mihama-3
PWR
780
Dec. 1976
KEPCO
Ikata 1
PWR
538
Sept. 1977
YODEN
Fukushima I-4
BWR
760
Oct. 1978
TEPCO
Fukushima I-5
BWR
760
April, 1978
TEPCO
Hamaoka-2
BWR
806
Nov. 1978
Chubu E.
Tokai-2
BWR
1056
Nov. 1978
JAPC
€ ¦Ôi-1
PWR
1120
March 1979
KEPCO
Fukushima I-6
BWR
1067
Oct. 1979
TEPCO
€ ¦Ôi-2
PWR
1120
Dec. 1979
KEPCO
Genkai-2
PWR
529
March, 1981
Kyushu E.
INDIA
PHWR
200
April, 1981
RAPS 2
A reactor of 1120 MWe producing Nine Times more electricity per reactor than India was already operational in Japan in March1979. India graduated to 540 MWe only on September12, 2005.
India ranks at the bottom in terms of---
Per capita Consumption of Nuclear Power. World Average 400 units to India€ ¦’²s 14.
Generation per reactor is only 0.9 BU in India against world average of 6 BU per reactor and Pakistan 1.3 BU.
In terms of capacity utilization India is lowest at 4GWh/Gwe. Pakistan at 6.5 GWh/GWe is ahead of India.
http://www.world-
Romania appeared to be at the bottom but going to its site I found one of its two reactor of 650 MWe was commission in September2007 and didn€ ¦’²t generate power in 2006. That puts Romania reactors to be among high performers. In 2008 Romanian two reactors will produce 10 BU of electricity contributing 18% of its power at capacity use of 8 GWh/GWe.
Ravinder Singh October03, 2007
Progressindia2008@
http://www.world-
Countries
Nuclear Generation GWh / % of Country
GWh per
Reactor/ GWh/GWe
No. Of Reactors
Installed Capacity In MWe
1. USA 787.2; 19%
7.5 / 7.8
104
99,049
2.
France
428.7; 78%
7.25 / 6.7
59
63,473
3.
Japan
291.5; 30%
5.3 / 6.1
55
47,577
4.
Germany
158.7; 32%
9.3 / 7.7
17
20,339
5.
Russia
144.3; 16%
4.65 / 6.6
31
21,743
6.
South Korea
141.2; 39%
7.0 / 8.0
20
17,533
7.
Canada
92.4; 16%
5.1 / 7.3
18
12,595
8.
Ukraine
84.8; 48%
5.65 / 6.2
15
13,168
9.
U. K.
69.2; 18%
3.64 / 6.3
19
11,035
10.
Sweden
65.1; 48%
6.5 / 7.2
10
9,086
11.
Spain
57.4; 20%
7.2 / 7.7
8
7,442
12.
China
51.8; 1.9%
4.71 / 6.0
11
8,587
13.
Belgium
44.3; 54%
6.33 / 7.7
7
5,728
14.
Switzerland
26.4; 37%
5.28 / 8.2
5
3,220
15.
Czech R.
24.5; 31%
4.1 / 7.0
6
3,472
16.
Finland
22.0; 28%
5.5 / 8.1
4
2,696
17.
Bulgaria
18.1; 44%
9.05 / 9.5
2
1,906
18.
Slovakia
16.6; 57%
3.32 / 8.3
5
2,064
19.
India
15.6; 2.6%
0.91 / 4.1
17
3,779
20.
Brazil
13.0; 3.3%
6.5 / 6.8
2
1,901
21.
Hungary
12.5; 38%
3.125 / 6.9
4
1,826
22.
Mexico
10.4; 4.9%
5.2 / 7.9
2
1,310
23.
South Africa
10.1; 4.4%
5.05/ 5.5
2
1,842
24.
Lithuania
8.0; 69%
8.0 / 6.75
1
1,185
25.
Argentina
7.2; 6.9%
3.6 / 7.7
2
935
26.
Slovenia
5.3; 40%
5.3 / 7.6
1
696
27.
Romania
5.2; 9.0%
2.6 / 4.0
2
1,310
28.
Netherlands
3.3; 3.5%
3.3 / 6.8
1
485
29.
Pakistan
2.6; 2.7%
1.3 / 6.5
2
400
30.
Armenia
2.4; 42%
2.4 / 6.4
1
376
WORLD
2658
6.05
439
372,002
Nuclear Power A Political Tool Or Cheap Energy Source
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